blog_header

Helping Business Weather the Storm

Sound Travels Further in Cold Weather. Here's Why

by David Moran, on Jan 21, 2019 1:54:11 PM

My grandparents live in a small town in Kansas close to a railroad. When I visit them during the winter, I can hear approaching trains more clearly than when I'm there during the summer. Have you noticed this where you live?

The speed of sound is 343 meters per second or 767 mph. This value presumes that the observer is at sea level with a room temperature of 21°C (70°F). However, as temperature increases, so does the speed of sound. Let's have a look:

SpeedVsTemperatureGraph

While maybe slower, sound can travel further distances when it is colder. The increase in range is caused by an inversion, which happens when warm air traps cold air near the ground. Instead of the sound wave being transmitted in a single direction, it is refracted away from the warmer air aloft and back towards the surface. The wave then oscillates between the interface of the colder air, the overlying warmer air, and the ground. Snow cover can dampen sounds that you may observe otherwise. 

Schematic of Wave RefractionSchematic of Wave Refraction

As the sound waves are refracted toward the ground, the amplitude of those waves increases. Then, as the amplitude of the wave increases, so does the intensity of the sound being produced by the wave. Whether it is the sound of a train horn or that of an avalanche, when the weather is cold, you will hear that noise at a much further distance than during other times of the year.

Topics:GeneralSnow

Comments